What is the ruling on working for a company whose owner refuses to allow his workers to leave for prayers at the mosque, and does the ruling change if the employer is an innovator (mubtadi’)?

It is not permissible to work in a place where the employer prevents one from attending the obligatory congregational prayer. If the employer insists on the prohibition, one must seek another job. It is permissible for someone in dire need to remain temporarily while diligently searching for another job and maintaining the congregational prayer. As for working with an innovator, it is permissible if the work itself is permissible and does not lead to any reprehensible act.