What is the optimal, Sharia-compliant method for concluding a marriage contract, and what is the description of the practice involving the arrival of both parties to the contract and the witnesses to a text with which they are provided in a marriage contract document, taking into account the conflicting previous fatwas regarding the marriage proposal?

The marriage contract, as previously stated, does not have a specific form, but rather conditions that, if met, validate the contract. The majority of jurists stipulate that the words "tazweej" (marrying) or "inkah" (giving in marriage) must be used in the offer (ijab) and acceptance (qabul); otherwise, the marriage contract is not valid. As for the Khutbat al-Hajah (definition) (the sermon of need), it is prescribed for both the engagement and the contract. It is desirable that it be recited before the offer and acceptance, though it is permissible to delay it until after the contract.