What is the ruling on a husband refusing to divorce his wife—whom he has not yet consummated the marriage with—based on the request of her parents, and is the wife considered disobedient to her parents if she also refuses the divorce?

You are not obligated to divorce your wife for the reason mentioned (disputes between your family and your wife's family). Your wife's parents do not have the right to incite her to seek a divorce, and she is not obliged to obey them in this matter. She will not be considered disobedient for not obeying them. As for your part, if you fear that these problems will hinder your marital life, and you see a benefit in separating from her, then there is no harm in that, especially since divorce before consummation is easier than after it.