Are there specific Quranic surahs that are recited on certain days or at specific times, such as Surat Al-Kahf, and what is the evidence for that?

None of the narrations regarding the virtue of reciting specific surahs on specific days are authentic, except for what has been established concerning the virtue of reciting Surat Al-Kahf on Friday and its eve. As for reciting some surahs as part of morning and evening remembrances, this has been mentioned in more than one surah of the Holy Quran, such as reciting Surat Al-Mulk every night, Ayatul Kursi, Al-Mu'awwidhatayn (the two surahs of refuge), and Surah Al-Isra and Az-Zumar, among others, before sleeping.