Are the actions mentioned in the context of the game—such as repeating song lyrics that translate to "We will pray for your blessing" and choosing between fictional deities in the context of a religious war—considered disbelief (kufr) that necessitates repentance and the re-utterance of the Two Testimonies (Shahadatayn), and is it permissible to continue playing it?

Playing this game is impermissible because it contains symbols of disbelief (kufr) and claims of deities other than Allah. The player does not commit an act of disbelief (kufr) unless they are pleased with the disbelief contained within it. It is obligatory to repent to Allah from playing it and not to return to it. The mentioned word is not disbelief, as it can be interpreted. If anything of that nature occurred, sincere repentance erases what preceded it. As for obsessive thoughts (waswas), one must strive against them and turn away from them.