Does playing video games that involve polytheism lead to disbelief, and must the one who does so re-recite the Two Testimonies of Faith, and what is the ruling on one who knows of the prohibition of these games yet continues to play them?

It is not permissible for a Muslim to play games that include scenes of polytheism (shirk), because the lowest degree of rejecting polytheism is rejection by the heart, and watching these scenes might remove this rejection. If the game involves the player performing polytheistic acts, then this is considered disbelief (kufr), based on the Almighty's saying: "And if you ask them, they will surely say, 'We were only indulging in idle talk and play.' Say, 'Is it Allah and His verses and His Messenger that you were mocking?' Make no excuse; you have disbelieved after your belief."