What is meant by the legal cause (illah shar'iyyah) and the rational cause (illah 'aqliyyah) in prohibition, and is the cause for the prohibition of wine because it is wine or because it is an intoxicant?
An explicitly stated cause (علة منصوصة) is what the Lawgiver (الشَّارع) has explicitly stated in a clear text, such as His Almighty saying: "So that people may have no argument against you" (لِئَلَّا يَكُونَ لِلنَّاسِ عَلَيْكُمْ حُجَّةٌ), or in an implicit text, such as the Prophet's (peace be upon him) saying about the cat: "It is not impure; it is one of those who frequently go around among you." As for an inferred cause (العلة المستنبطة), it is what has been established through the (independent reasoning) of the mujtahids (qualified scholars), such as justifying the prohibition of intoxicants by their intoxicating effect.
Summary from Ftawy's records · added here
Reviewed by El Fatwa's sharia committee.
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