Can it be said that miracles which defy common custom violate the law of causality, knowing that Allah's cosmic laws do not change, and that the law of causality is not absolutely constant?

Connecting effects to their causes is a general and comprehensive law for everything in the universe, and Allah is the Creator of both causes and effects. Some scholars believe that this law (cosmic norms) does not change or alter, but there is a different perspective on this.

Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah (Sunni Muslims) differentiate between natural norms (cosmic) and legislative norms (religious). Cosmic norms are the relationship between causes and effects that Allah has placed within them, and they are effective due to the power of influence Allah has created within them. However, if Allah wills, He can strip them of this power due to a wisdom, as occurred in miracles and divine favors (karamat).

As for legislative norms, they are what Allah has revealed about His custom regarding nations, such as granting victory to the believers and punishing the deniers. These are the norms that do not change or alter, as stated in the verse: (You will never find any alteration in the Way of Allah, and you will never find any deviation in the Way of Allah).

Therefore, the occasional deviation of a cosmic norm does not contradict Allah's promise that His norms do not change, because the intended norms that do not change are the legislative norms, not the cosmic ones.