Will God treat the dissolute Christian who has not heard of Islam the same way He treats the devout Christian nun who has not heard of Islam, and will He treat the atheist who has not heard of Islam the same way He treats the devout Christian who has not heard of Islam?
Allah does not punish anyone except after the establishment of the prophetic proof (al-hujjah ar-risāliyyah) against them, which is only established for a non-Muslim by conveying the call of Islam to them in a way they can understand. The obligation of punishment in the afterlife is due to two reasons: turning away from the proof and not desiring to know it, or stubbornness against it after it has been established. People of the fatrah (those who lived in a period without a prophet) have a special ruling. A distinction is made between a disbeliever who refrains from prohibitions and a disbeliever who commits them; they will differ in punishment. Disbelievers are addressed by the ancillary rulings of and will be punished for them in addition to the punishment for disbelief. The variation in punishment includes both the fundamental principles and the ancillary rulings. Disbelief that necessitates a severe punishment stems from three aspects: the disbelieving creed itself, obstinacy and deliberate error, and striving to extinguish the light of Allah and hinder His servants from His religion.
Summary from Ftawy's records · added here
Reviewed by El Fatwa's sharia committee.
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