Is it the meaning of the word or what results from it that determines whether speech constitutes filial disobedience (uquq al-walidayn), in cases such as jesting with words that outwardly appear as disobedience but do not harm the parents, or using words that are not disobedient but anger them, or alluding to parents with Qur'anic verses?

Disobeying parents is one of the gravest sins. Its limit is defined by whatever causes severe harm to the parents. So, if speech causes them severe harm, it is considered disobedience. However, addressing them disrespectfully, such as calling them by their first names in jest, is not considered disobedience as long as they are not harmed by it. Nevertheless, a child should avoid anything that is inappropriate towards them.

Their rights are immense, and one must submit to them and humble oneself, as Allah Almighty says: "...whether one or both of them attain old age in your life, say not to them a word of disrespect, nor repel them, but address them in terms of honor." (Quran 17:23). Honorable speech is gentle and kind speech, such as "O my father" and "O my mother," and it should be like the speech of a sinful servant to a harsh, stern master. A person should be utterly humble with their parents in their words, actions, and gaze.