Is the compensation paid by the employer to the worker upon arbitrary dismissal or factory closure permissible (halal) or forbidden (haram)? And is it permissible for the husband to take items from work without the employer's knowledge, claiming it is compensation for his right?

It is not possible to rule on the permissibility or impermissibility of the aforementioned compensation without knowing the terms of the contract. The compensation may be valid if the worker is entitled to the wages for the remainder of the contract's specified duration, or the wages for the month he worked. If the husband is entitled to this compensation and does not willingly waive it, then he has the right to claim it. If he cannot obtain it through usual means, then there is a difference of opinion regarding the permissibility of taking it secretly. If the husband decides to take his right by way of al-Dhafar (taking one's right by force or stealth when unable to obtain it otherwise), he must observe the regulations, be warned against taking what he is not entitled to, and be careful not to take more than his right. And Allah knows best.