Does what the wife did —preventing her husband from leaving for work, for which he was already late, due to a disagreement between them— necessitate an expiation, bearing in mind that she did not raise her voice in shouting or utter any rudeness?

The reference point for an oath is the intention of the one swearing it, then the reason that prompted the oath. If your intention or the reason for the oath was specific to other situations, such as insulting your husband, hitting him, or screaming at him, then you have not broken your oath by what you did. However, if the intention or the reason for the oath entails the inclusion of what you did in your oath, then you have broken your oath, and an expiation for the oath is incumbent upon you.