Is it considered cheating to ask about the type of exam questions, and to know that there is a drawing whose parts need to be named, and also when the teacher helps the student by providing the answer without being asked? And does sin result from that?

Your question to your friend about the type of exam questions is not considered cheating. As for the teacher's help to you, it is forbidden cheating if the system does not allow it, and you should have prevented her from doing that. Your writing down what the teacher taught you is not considered cheating.