What are the Prophetic Sunnahs in prayer?

The Sunan (recommended acts) of prayer are divided into verbal and physical actions, and they differ from one madhhab (school of thought) to another. According to the Hanbalis, the verbal Sunan are eleven: the opening supplication (istiftah), seeking refuge (from Satan), reciting the Basmalah, saying "Ameen," reciting a surah after Al-Fatiha, the imam reciting aloud, the worshiper (other than the ma'mum - one led in prayer) saying after tahmid (praising Allah): "filling the heavens...", saying tasbih (glorification of Allah) more than once during bowing and prostration, saying "My Lord, forgive me," sending blessings upon the family of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and invoking blessings upon him and them in the final tashahhud, and supplicating thereafter.

The physical Sunan (postures) are: raising the hands at the takbirat al-ihram (opening takbir), bowing, and rising from bowing; placing the right hand over the left below the navel; looking at the place of prostration; spreading the feet when standing; grasping the knees while bowing with the back extended; beginning prostration by placing the knees down, then the hands, then the forehead and nose; ensuring the organs of prostration firmly touch the ground; keeping the upper arms away from the sides, the abdomen away from the thighs, and the thighs away from the shins; spreading the knees; keeping the feet upright; placing the hands opposite the shoulders, spread out with fingers together; raising the hands first when rising for a rak'ah; rising on the balls of the feet and supporting oneself on the knees with the hands; sitting in iftirash (a specific sitting posture) between the two prostrations and in the first tashahhud; sitting in tawarruk (another specific sitting posture) in the final tashahhud; placing the hands on the thighs, spread out with fingers together, between the two prostrations and in the tashahhud, while grasping the little finger and ring finger of the right hand, joining the thumb with the middle finger, and pointing with the index finger when mentioning Allah; and turning the head to the right and left for the taslim (salutation), with the intention of concluding the prayer, and preferring the left side over the right in turning.