Is it permissible to marry a divorced woman who has a child from her ex-husband, taking into consideration the circumstances of the girl's first marriage and the young man's fear of not having a permanent and suitable job?

For a woman to be divorced and have a child is not a religious impediment to marrying her. If she is religious and of good character, then propose to her. If you are unaware of her situation, inquire among trustworthy people. You may repeat the Istikhara (prayer for guidance), and its result is known by facilitation of the matter, not necessarily by feeling an opening in your heart. Istikhara is a supplication through which Allah averts evil and decrees good. Marriage is a key to goodness, and Allah enriches those who marry from His bounty. As narrated by Al-Tirmidhi from Abu Hurairah, "Three people are rightfully entitled to Allah's help: the one who marries seeking chastity..." If this marriage does not become easy or you do not desire it, then seek another, and do not pay attention to anxieties about delay. Marriage has many benefits, including following the guidance of the prophets, increasing the Muslim community, protecting one's chastity, lowering one's gaze, and earning reward for spending on one's family and children. It also helps in moderating one's carnal desires.