What is the ruling on throwing away a paper on which is written the name "Abdullah" or "Umm Abdullah," or "al-Hayat al-Dunya" (this worldly life), or "al-Dar al-Akhirah" (the Hereafter), knowing that these names and words have appeared in the Holy Quran, and is throwing them away considered an act of disbelief (kufr)?

The name of Allah Almighty must be respected absolutely. If the name of Allah is written in a newspaper or a document, it is not permissible to discard it [disrespectfully]. If the intention behind discarding it is to debase the name of Allah, then that is an act of disbelief (kufr).

As for words that appeared in the Qur'an, such as "the worldly life" (al-hayat al-dunya) or "the Hereafter" (al-dar al-akhirah), and are used outside their Qur'anic context, the ruling of the Qur'an does not apply to them. However, it is still not permissible to debase them or throw them in the trash. If what is written is [part of] the Qur'an, then throwing it into filth is more dangerous, and if the intention was debasement, it would be an act of disbelief (kufr).