What is the authenticity of the chain of narration for the story of the Jew who exposed the private parts of a Muslim woman in the marketplace of Banu Qaynuqa, and was the Prophet's siege of them due to treachery or out of zeal for the honor of the Muslim woman?

It has not been ascertained who among the scholars authenticated or weakened the chain of transmission of the mentioned story. It was cited by Al-Bayhaqi, Ibn Kathir, and Ibn Al-Athir without comment on its chain of transmission.

The siege of Banu Qaynuqa‘ is attributed to their breach of the covenant by assaulting a Muslim woman and killing a Muslim man. Ibn Hajar stated that they were the first to break the covenant, so the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, fought them after the Battle of Badr. Then, Abdullah ibn Ubayy interceded for them, and the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, expelled them from Medina to Adhri'at.