What are the objective criteria and conditions required to determine whether the texts that skeptics attempt to produce resemble the Noble Qur’an, especially since the Qur’an itself is the one that issued this challenge?

The Holy Quran is miraculous in its wording, meaning, and effect. Its linguistic inimitability (i'jaz) is evident in its eloquence, rhetoric, and composition, while its conceptual inimitability lies in its rulings, legislations, and prophecies of the unseen. As for its effect, it manifests in guidance and bringing people out of darkness into light.

The esteemed scholar Al-Tahir Ibn Ashour mentioned that the facets of the Quran's inimitability stem from three main aspects: 1. Reaching the utmost pinnacle in composition: where it conveys precise meanings and rhetorical subtleties that human speech cannot attain. 2. Innovating various ways of handling speech composition: with styles that were not familiar to the Arabs but were not outside the flexibility of the language. 3. Containing wise meanings, intellectual, and scientific truths: which human minds did not comprehend at the time of revelation, nor thereafter.

Some scholars added a fourth aspect, which is its prophecies of the unseen, indicating that it is from the Knower of the Unseen.

The inimitability from the first and second aspects is directed at Arabs, both directly and indirectly. From the third aspect, it is a continuous inimitability for all humanity. And from the fourth aspect, it is an inimitability for the people of the era of revelation and those who came after them.

Among the important books in this field is "The Great News" (Al-Naba' Al-Azim) by Dr. Muhammad Abdullah Daraz.