Are all members of the Syrian or Iraqi Ba'ath Party to be considered kafir bi'l-ayn (an apostate specifically designated as such), and is everyone fighting in Bashar's army to be considered kafir bi'l-ayn, and did Saddam return to Islam in his final days?

Not everyone who belongs to a sect, school of thought, or party that adopts ideas of disbelief is considered a disbeliever, because declaring a specific individual to be a disbeliever without establishing proof against them is impermissible. A distinction must be made between judging an act as disbelief and judging the doer as a disbeliever, due to the possibility of an impediment that prevents judging them as a disbeliever, such as ignorance or coercion. Establishing proof can only be done by a scholar, such that the specific individual would not be excused by ignorance, misinterpretation, or coercion. Ibn Taymiyyah said: "It is not permissible to declare a Muslim a disbeliever, even if he errs, until proof is established against him. And whoever's Islam is established with certainty, that certainty is not removed except after establishing proof and dispelling ambiguity." He also mentioned that declaring someone a disbeliever has conditions and impediments that might be absent in the case of a specific individual, and that imams like Imam Ahmad did not declare as disbelievers specific individuals who uttered words they deemed to be disbelief.