Is it permissible for a student who spends six months on a ship for practical training, without disembarking to land, to shorten the prayer?

It is permissible to avail oneself of the concessions of travel for a sailor who travels for a long period, and this ruling applies to you, because the ship is not a home for you, and your family is not with you on it. This is the view of Ash-Shafi'i, and it was preferred by many Hanbalis, and it is the choice of Sheikh Al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah. So, the sailor shortens the prayer and breaks the fast in Ramadan even if his family is with him.