What is the ruling on a wife praying while bleeding continuously, and should she wait a certain period then pray?
A woman who experiences continuous bleeding for more than 15 days is considered to be suffering from istihada (prolonged vaginal bleeding outside of menstruation). If she had a previous regular cycle, then any bleeding beyond that is istihada. If she can validly distinguish between menstrual blood (hayd) and istihada blood, then what she distinguishes as hayd is considered hayd. When there is a conflict between her previous habit and her ability to distinguish, Imam Al-Shafi'i prioritizes distinction, while Imam Ahmad prioritizes habit. Imam Ahmad's opinion is more lenient for women. If she has neither a regular habit nor the ability to distinguish, then her menstrual period is considered to be six or seven days, which is the common habit of women in her family, and anything beyond that is istihada. A woman in istihada prays, fasts, and performs ablution (wudu') for each prayer.
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