What is the meaning of "Ummah of Muhammad," and who are his followers who will cross the Sirat with him and be resurrected with him? Is it sufficient for a disbeliever to bear witness that "there is no god but Allah" to be considered part of his Ummah, or are both declarations of faith necessary? And how sound is the statement that the narration of the Shahada which includes "and that Jesus is the servant of Allah and the son of His maidservant" is specific to those who embrace Islam during the time of Jesus's descent?

The Ummah (nation/community) of the Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, refers to two meanings:

First: The "Ummah of Da'wah" (Call), which includes everyone to whom the Prophet was sent, from all people, Muslims and non-Muslims alike. This is affirmed by the hadith: "By the One in Whose Hand is my soul, no one from this nation, neither a Jew nor a Christian, hears about me and then dies without believing in that with which I was sent, except that he will be among the people of the Fire."

Second: The "Ummah of Ijabah" (Response), who are his believing followers who carry his Shari'ah. These are the ones who will be attributed to him in the Hereafter, enter Paradise, and receive immense virtues.

It is not acceptable for anyone who has received the call of Islam to affirm the oneness of God (Allah) without believing in Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him. Rather, belief in all messengers is obligatory. So, whoever does not believe in Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, is not from the Ummah of Ijabah, and their destiny is the Fire.

And his saying, peace and blessings be upon him: "Whoever bears witness that there is no god but Allah alone, without partner, and that Muhammad is His servant and messenger, and that Jesus is the servant of Allah and His messenger and His word which He bestowed upon Mary and a spirit from Him, and that Paradise is true and Hell is true, Allah will admit him into Paradise regardless of his deeds," clarifies the difference between Islam, Judaism, and Christianity. It illustrates that Jews disparage Jesus and disbelieve in his message, while Christians deify him.