Is the story of Thaʿlabah ibn Ḥāṭib, mentioned in the verse, "And among them are those who made a covenant with Allah, [saying], 'If He should give us from His bounty...,'" and the associated ḥadīth, authentically narrated?

Many commentators believe that the verse (And among them are those who made a covenant with Allah, [saying], "If He gives us from His bounty, we will surely spend in charity, and we will surely be among the righteous") was revealed concerning the story of Tha’labah ibn Hatib al-Ansari, who asked the Prophet (ﷺ) to supplicate for him to be granted wealth. When Allah granted him abundant wealth, he refused to pay zakat, until Allah revealed verses in Surat At-Tawbah concerning him. However, this story is not authentic and has been deemed weak by imams such as Ibn Hazm, Al-Qurtubi, Al-Bayhaqi, Al-Iraqi, Adh-Dhahabi, As-Suyuti, and others, because Tha’labah was a participant in the Battle of Badr and among the people of faith. The preponderant view is that the verse speaks of a type of hypocrite who made a covenant with Allah to give in charity but then became stingy, which consequently led to hypocrisy.