What is meant by "bleeding" (ishatat al-dam) and "burning" (al-qawd)?

The meaning of "ishatat al-dam" (إشاطة الدم) is to spill blood or expose it to killing. It can also mean to burn, destroy, or disperse something. "Dam al-jazoor" (دم الجزور) specifically means to shed its blood. "Al-qawd" (القود) is retribution (qisas). It is called this because the guardians of the victim lead the killer to exact retribution from him. Subsequently, the term was applied to all forms of retribution.