Is it obligatory to make up for missed fasts, to fast, and to perform ghusl—or alternatively, wudu—if a fluid is discharged during sleep, without friction or touch, after thinking about something unlawful, and you do not know if it is semen or madhy? And will you be rewarded for striving to abandon disobedience, even if you have not yet fully overcome it?

The emission of semen merely by thinking does not invalidate the fast. Nor does it invalidate the fast when one is in doubt whether the discharge is semen or pre-seminal fluid (madhy (definition)). As for ghusl (definition) (ritual bath), if one doubts whether the discharge is semen or madhy, they have a choice: if they consider it semen, they perform ghusl; if they consider it madhy, ghusl is not obligatory upon them. One must repent to Allah for masturbating without using the hand.