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What is the linguistic and religious difference between israf (extravagance) and tabthir (squandering), and what are the related proofs and details?

1 min readAlso available in العربية

It is well-known that israf (extravagance/excess) and tabdheer (squandering/wastefulness) share the same meaning linguistically and legally (in Islamic law), and both encompass words and actions. Israf is exceeding the limit, while tabdheer is dispersing money and spending it without a rightful cause. It has also been said that tabdheer is spending money on sinful acts, or being so extravagant in spending that nothing is left to meet one's needs.

Some scholars have differentiated between them, saying: Tabdheer is ignorance of the rightful places (of spending), and israf is ignorance of the rightful amounts (of spending). Ibn Abidin said: Israf is spending something on what is permissible but in excess of what is necessary, whereas tabdheer is spending something on what is impermissible.

It has also been said: Tabdheer is specifically spending money on sinful acts and dispersing it unjustly, while israf is exceeding the limit in money and other things.

Islamic texts have warned against both. Allah the Almighty says: {And do not squander wastefully. Indeed, the squanderers are brothers of the devils, and ever has Satan been to his Lord ungrateful.} [Al-Isra: 26-27]. And He says: {And eat and drink and do not be extravagant. Indeed, He does not like those who are extravagant.} [Al-A'raf: 31]. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "Eat, drink, dress, and give charity without extravagance or pride."

Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · reviewed Sep 2, 2026

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