How do some Muslim scholars permit music and singing while others forbid them, and what is the general ruling on listening to music, along with the evidence?

Listening to singing accompanied by music is forbidden according to the majority of scholars, and some have reported a consensus on this. Scholars have agreed on the prohibition of singing that includes obscenity, immorality, or incitement to disobedience, and on the permissibility of natural singing free from instruments and excitement in permissible joyous occasions, provided that the singer is not a woman in the presence of non-mahram men. Sheikh Al-Sha'rawi pointed out that singing that incites desires or causes a person to lose their dignity and composure is forbidden, especially what is accompanied by movements, dances, and loud music, and that a believer can distinguish between the good and the bad. Sheikh Al-Musayyar mentioned that contemporary singing is impure and vulgar, and a tool for demolishing values. Accordingly, most contemporary singing falls under the ruling of prohibition even according to these scholars, and the listener deserves the warning.