What is the description of the prayer of one who is afraid?
The methods of Salat al-Khawf (Prayer of Fear) vary according to the enemy's situation:
If the enemy is not in the direction of the Qibla: One group prays with the Imam while the other guards, then the two groups switch. If they are travelers and shorten the prayer: The Imam prays one unit (rak'ah) with the first group, then they complete it and make the taslim (salutation of peace). With the second group, he prays the other unit (rak'ah), then they complete it and make the taslim. If they are performing a full prayer (not shortening it): The Imam prays two units (rak'ahs) with the first group, then they complete it and make the taslim. With the second group, he prays two units (rak'ahs), then they complete it and make the taslim.
If the enemy is in the direction of the Qibla: The Muslims form two rows. The Imam says "Allahu Akbar," and all say "Allahu Akbar" and bow down together. When it is time for prostration, the first row prostrates while the second row remains facing the enemy. Then they switch roles in the next unit (rak'ah).
If the two armies clash: They pray while walking or riding, facing the Qibla or not facing it, and they make gestures for bowing and prostration, according to the Almighty's saying: (But if you are in danger, then [pray] standing or on horseback.) [Al-Baqarah:239]. This includes anyone who fears an oppressive enemy pursuing them.
Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · reviewed Sep 2, 2026
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