In the event that performing the prayer is difficult, which is better: combining prayers, or performing the fear prayer (ṣalāt al-khawf) with gestures and signs? And is this considered a fear prayer? What is the ruling if the clothing does not meet the conditions? And how is the intention for combining prayers made while maintaining the number of rakʿahs?
If you fear damage when others become aware of your prayer, it is permissible for you to pray the prayer of intense fear (Salat Shiddat al-Khawf). You should pray what you are able to, and gesture with your head for what you are unable to do. If you are unable to use your head, then gesture with the corner of your eye (not your finger). Make your prostration lower than your bowing. Repeat the obligatory supplications (adhkar). What you are unable to perform from the conditions of prayer, such as covering the entire awrah, is waived for you.
It is permissible for you to combine two prayers (Dhuhr and Asr, and Maghrib and Isha) due to an excuse that permits abandoning congregational prayer, such as fear for oneself or one's property, or due to a preoccupation that permits abandoning congregational prayer, such as one who fears harm to their livelihood. Not combining prayers is preferable, except in Arafat and Muzdalifah. Combining prayers might be preferable in your case to ensure the completeness of the prayer.
Your prayer is valid in both cases (whether you combine or not). The method of combining prayers is as follows: If it is a forward combination (jam’ taqdim), you should intend to combine before starting the first prayer, and you pray the first prayer in full (four rak’ahs if it is a four-rak’ah prayer), then the second prayer immediately. If it is a delayed combination (jam’ ta'khir), you should intend to combine during the time of the first prayer and pray both prayers during the time of the second prayer, as long as your excuse persists.
Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · reviewed Sep 2, 2026
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