How is Allah's knowledge of the unseen described, seeing that He has already written down every movement in the universe before its creation, similar to the example of a phone alarm that informs its owner in advance?

The unseen (al-Ghayb) is of two types: absolute, which none knows save Allah, and relative, which some creatures know while others are ignorant of it. Belief in the unseen is a fundamental pillar in the monotheistic religions. Absolute unseen is of two kinds: that which Allah has informed people about through revelation, and that which Allah has exclusively reserved for His knowledge. As for the relative unseen, it is that which is hidden from some, such as historical events, or that which is hidden from the senses due to its temporal or spatial distance. Knowing the ringing of an alarm clock falls under the relative unseen, not the absolute unseen, and it does not contradict belief in divine decree (Qada’) and destiny (Qadar). Belief in destiny entails that the servant has a will and a choice within Allah's will, and that Allah has written everything in the Preserved Tablet (Al-Lawh Al-Mahfuz). Writing is of two types: that which is in the Preserved Tablet, which is fixed and unchangeable, and that which is in the hands of the angels, which is subject to change until its matter settles according to what is in the Preserved Tablet.