Is a divorce written with the intention of intimidation in a letter considered valid?

The ruling on writing explicit divorce pronouncements in mobile messages without uttering them orally is a matter of scholarly disagreement. The preponderant view is that it is a kinayah (allusion), and divorce does not occur by it unless there is the intention to divorce. Therefore, if someone writes a divorce message to his wife intending only to frighten her, his divorce does not take effect.