What is the ruling on saying "So-and-so is one of the people of Allah" about an unlettered person who has not memorized the Qur'an?
"Ahl Allah" (the people of Allah) are the devout, the righteous, and His saints (awliya'). It has been narrated in a that "the people of the Qur'an are the people of Allah and His chosen ones," meaning those who memorize the Qur'an and act upon it, as a form of veneration for them. It is not a condition for a person to be a memorizer or a scholar to be among the righteous saints of Allah, for the Qur'an specifically honored the people of the Qur'an due to their high status. The saints of Allah are the believing and the pious, even if they are common people who only memorize a little of the Qur'an. Furthermore, those who maintain Allah's mosques (ummar masajid Allah) are the people of Allah due to their care for them, where "maintenance" (ta'mir) refers to construction, worship, adorning, and cleaning. The Arabs used the term "Ahl Allah" for Quraish after the incident of the Elephant, because Allah repelled the Abyssinians from them. Quraish used to claim that they were the people of Allah, arrogantly, just as the Jews and Christians did. Sheikh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah said that the polytheists are not the saints of Allah; rather, His saints are the pious. The term "Ahl Allah" has also been applied to the people of Makkah in general and to Muslims as a whole during the era of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, which indicates that "Ahl Allah" is not limited to those who memorize the Qur'an, but rather encompasses all believing and pious individuals. Some scholars have also indicated that those who are devoted to worship, asceticism, night prayers, and daytime fasting are the people of Allah.
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