Is it obligatory for a group working 28 days in a place devoid of inhabitants, facilities, and a mosque, followed by 28 days of vacation, to establish Friday prayer, knowing that they work 12 hours a day?

Friday prayer is not obligatory for you; rather, you should pray Dhuhr (noon prayer) because you are not permanent residents, and there are no permanent residents with whom you can pray Jumu'ah (Friday prayer). If there are no permanent residents in the place and you do not hear the adhan (call to prayer) for Jumu'ah from neighboring villages, then Jumu'ah is not obligatory for you, and you should pray Dhuhr in congregation. This is the view of the people of knowledge, and what the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, did during his travels. However, if there are Muslim permanent residents who pray Jumu'ah, then it is prescribed for you to pray with them to attain its virtue.