What is the ruling on obeying the ruler if he declares 'Eid based on astronomical calculations, and does the saying, "There is no obedience to a creature in disobedience to the Creator," apply to him? And what is the ruling on the consequences resulting from this, such as discord and division?

Undoubtedly, obedience to those in authority — whether in determining the beginning or end of fasting, or other matters — is an act of obedience and not disobedience, for the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "There is no obedience in disobedience to Allah; obedience is only in what is right and lawful." We have previously issued a fatwa stating that it is not permissible to act upon astronomical calculations, even if the state orders it, and that it should not be obeyed in this regard.