Is the destruction of Caesar, mentioned in the noble Prophetic Hadith: "And their treasures shall be divided in the way of Allah," meant to be his destruction at the hands of the Muslims, as happened with Muhammad al-Fatih and the Caesar of Byzantium, and not the absence of Caesars after Heraclius?

This is an authentic hadith narrated by Al-Bukhari and Muslim, and it is among the proofs of his prophethood, peace and blessings be upon him, and what he foretold has indeed come to pass.

The continuation of the Byzantine Empire after the demise of the Caesar who was contemporary with the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, does not contradict the hadith. The Caesar in question is the one who ruled Syria, and with his expulsion from it, his rule there ceased.

Scholars confirm that the meaning of the hadith is: "There will be no Khosrow in Iraq, nor a Caesar in Syria, as there was in his time, peace and blessings be upon him." Indeed, the rule of Khosrow completely vanished, and Caesar was defeated from Syria, and its lands became settled for the Muslims.

As for the Prophet's saying, peace and blessings be upon him, about Caesar, "his kingdom is firm," that pertains specifically to the lands of the Byzantines (Rome) and not Syria, in order to reconcile between the hadiths.