What is the sin of children who are punished in this world and the Hereafter for the disobedience of their parents?

The ill-effects of sins fall upon their perpetrator, for Allah Almighty says: "And no bearer of burdens will bear the burden of another." As for what afflicts children, it may be a test. Ibn al-Jawzi holds that the legal obligations for the intellect include submission and surrender to matters that the intellect does not comprehend, such as the pain inflicted upon children and the slaughter of animals, coupled with the belief that the Appointer of destiny is the Most Merciful of the merciful. This is among the most difficult of obligations, for the intellect is required to submit and abandon objection.