What is the belief of the Ash'arites, the Jahmites, and the Mu'tazilites regarding the statement on the creation of the Qur'an?
The Jahmiyyah and the Mu'tazilah explicitly stated that the Qur'an was created. As for the Ash'aris, they claimed that the speech of Allah is an ancient psychological meaning subsisting in the Essence of Allah, not a letter or a sound, and that verbal speech is created, while the ancient is the psychological meaning. This is an illusion because they made the meaning of the Qur'an the same as the meaning of the Torah and the Gospel. The dispute for them is only in the expression, which is created. Thus, they agree with the Mu'tazilah that the words of the Qur'an are created, and the dispute between them is merely verbal, as their scholars have admitted. Shaykh al-Islam clarified that the Ash'aris agreed with the Mu'tazilah that the Qur'an is created, but the Ash'aris made speech a single ancient meaning subsisting in the essence of the speaker, while the Mu'tazilah made the speech of Allah a created entity separate from Him, and they said: "The Qur'an that Gabriel brought down is the speech of Allah."
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Reviewed by El Fatwa's sharia committee.
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