Is a female doctor wife obliged to obey her husband who orders her to quit her job under the pretext of "tabarruj" (displaying one's adornments), and gives her the choice between divorce or leaving her job?

A wife's obedience to her husband in matters that do not involve disobedience (to Allah) is obligatory. The husband has commanded his wife to do what is good and proper, so she must obey him in that. Furthermore, it is obligatory to beware of immodest display (tabarruj) and to wear the Shariah-compliant hijab, because it is an obligation.