Is the wife required to provide witnesses or evidence to prove the harm inflicted upon her inside her home—such as beating or verbal abuse—before the judge, and what is the way to do so if the beating leaves no trace or if there are no witnesses?

If a wife brings her case before a judge because her husband has harmed her by beating or cursing, she must provide evidence for her claim, as the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "Were people to be given according to their claims, then some would claim the lives and wealth of others." Anything that clarifies and reveals the truth is considered evidence. The testimony of a single trustworthy person is sufficient. If each spouse claims that the other has transgressed against them, and the judge ascertains the situation through a single trustworthy person who informs them, or by having them reside near a trustworthy person who can observe their circumstances. This trustworthy person is not required to meet the criteria for a witness (in terms of justice), but it is sufficient that they are trustworthy in conveying information. A man has the right to discipline his wife if she disobeys him, because Allah Almighty has granted him authority over her, and he is entrusted with her, and he undertakes her discipline himself and does not refer her to a judge. However, if there is animosity between them, then it is necessary to refer the matter to a judge.