Does the phrase "that disbelief" mentioned by Abdullah ibn Mas'ud concerning bribery in governance, and his recitation of Allah's saying: "And whoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed – then it is those who are the disbelievers," refer to major disbelief or minor disbelief? And can another example from similar texts be mentioned where the same phrase "that disbelief" is used but refers to minor disbelief?

It was reported from Ibn Mas'ud, may Allah be pleased with him, that bribery is suht (unlawful gain). If the bribe is related to ruling, then it is disbelief, and he cited the verse: "And whoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed - then it is those who are the disbelievers" (Quran 5:44). The narration that states: "Bribery in ruling is disbelief, and it is unlawful gain among people" has a sound chain of transmission, but Hammad bin Yahya al-Abahh, though truthful, makes mistakes. As for the phrase: "that disbelief," it has not been mentioned in a religious text as referring to minor disbelief; it originally denotes major disbelief unless there is an indication otherwise. Ibn Mas'ud's statement regarding bribery refers to one who conceals Allah's ruling and takes a bribe, claiming that his ruling is from Allah, and this necessitates disbelief.

Judging by other than what Allah has revealed is divided into two categories:

First: To judge by other than Allah's ruling, believing that it is indeed Allah's ruling. This is disbelief. Second: To judge by other than Allah's ruling due to personal inclination. This is a sin for which forgiveness is permissible.

And if one changes what is lawful into unlawful, and what is unlawful into lawful, then he has disbelieved.