Is it permissible to teach children the rituals of Hajj and circumambulation around a simulated Kaaba in school?
The making of models of the Holy Kaaba for the purpose of teaching, decoration, or circumambulating them to teach the rituals of Hajj, is a matter on which researchers have differed. However, what scholars and fatwas from Fiqh academies and Ifta institutions have unanimously agreed upon is its prohibition. The reason for the prohibition is:
1. Blocking the means (Sadd al-Dhari'a): For fear that sanctity or veneration might be attributed to these models, which would confuse worship with teaching and cause the general public to be mistaken about the sanctity of the Holy House. 2. Preserving the awe of the Kaaba: The widespread proliferation of these models in various forms (keychains, toys) might diminish the awe of the Holy Kaaba in people's hearts, and Allah Almighty has commanded the glorification of His sacred things and rituals.
Fatwas have been issued by the Islamic Fiqh Council and the Permanent Committee for Scholarly Research and Ifta prohibiting the manufacturing, marketing, and use of these models in education, considering it a reprehensible innovation that leads to شرعية prohibitions. It is preferable to use verbal explanations and modern illustrative means such as drawings and real films to teach the rituals.
Summarized from the full answer at Ftawy · reviewed Sep 2, 2026
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