What should we do to atone for the sin of a deceased person who stole, and we only learned of it after their death, and what should we do concerning a deceased woman who had outstanding Ramadan fasts and did not make them up?

1- The stolen money is taken from the decedent's estate before distribution if he left what suffices to pay the debt, in accordance with the verse: "after any bequest which he may have made, or any debt." If the rightful owner or his heirs are not found, the money is given as charity on behalf of its owner. It is also befitting to seek forgiveness for the deceased, supplicate for him, and give charity on his behalf.

2- If the mother broke her fast in Ramadan out of ignorance and was excused for her ignorance, then there is no compensatory fasting (qada') or expiation (kaffarah) due from her. If her breaking of the fast was for a legitimate reason and she neglected to make up the fasts until she died, then it is recommended for her guardians to make them up on her behalf. However, if she broke her fast intentionally and while aware of its prohibition, the most authoritative opinion is that she only owes compensatory fasting, and it is recommended to make them up on her behalf if she died having neglected them.