Is tribal affiliation established by DNA, and does a DNA mismatch negate tribal affiliation?

Adopting DNA fingerprinting to determine tribal lineage can be permissible or forbidden, and this depends on two situations:

Firstly: If lineage is established by the recognized legitimate methods, then the results of DNA fingerprinting are not considered, even if they contradict the legitimate methods. For lineage in Islamic Sharia has recognized means of proof. DNA fingerprinting does not undermine the legitimate methods of establishing lineage, and it is not permissible to challenge a lineage established by common knowledge or clear evidence. Islamic law is lenient in establishing lineage and strict in denying it, in order to protect lineages.

Secondly: If there is no knowledge of a specific person's lineage, and it is proven that DNA fingerprinting can identify distant lineages, then there is no harm in using it and relying on its results, just as qiyafah (forensic physiognomy) was previously adopted. Islamic Fiqh councils have affirmed that the legitimate methods for establishing or denying lineage take precedence over DNA fingerprinting, and that DNA fingerprinting can be relied upon to establish lineage in cases of dispute and absence of stronger evidence. However, it is not permissible to use it to deny a lineage established by Sharia, or to verify the authenticity of established lineages.