What is the ruling on using Visa and MasterCard, and what is the ruling on Tawarruq conducted by the bank on behalf of the client when the due amount is not paid?

Using credit cards is permissible if it is free from the condition of paying a fee for late payment, and from the possibility of falling into usury if payment is delayed. However, for the bank to undertake a tawarruq transaction to settle an old debt is forbidden by Islamic law; because it falls under the category of "debt for debt," which leads to an increase in the debtor's obligation in exchange for an extension of the term, or becomes a pretext for it.