Is it permissible to give a vow to needy relatives, and is it valid to sell a gold ring that was vowed and donate its price as charity? And what is the interpretation of a father's behavior changing by supplicating against his son when he is with his wife, and does the son deserve that?

A vow (nadhr) is disliked. However, if one vows an act of obedience to Allah, fulfilling it becomes obligatory. There is no impediment to giving from a vowed offering to relatives. It is not permissible to take the mentioned ring and donate its value, because you vowed to donate the ring itself. Therefore, the ring itself must be given as charity to the poor and the needy. It is your duty to honor your father and treat him kindly, and to endure patiently any harm from him. What afflicts you might be a trial or due to your sins.