Is performing tayammum for prayer out of laziness concerning wudu considered an error that reaches the point of shirk with Allah or apostasy from the religion?

You made a mistake and committed a terrible sin by intentionally praying without purification. You must repeat that invalid prayer and immediately repent to Allah Almighty, resolving never to return to such an act. This act is丑陋 and forbidden, but it does not reach the level of disbelief that expels one from the fold of Islam according to the majority of scholars, though there is an opinion that whoever prays intentionally without ablution commits an act of disbelief. If you interrupted the prayer you performed without ablution and repeated it with ablution, then you have done well and fulfilled your obligation regarding the prayer, and all that remains for you is to repent from this mistake.