Is an intercessor considered disobedient to his parents and rebellious against his Lord for intervening to prevent his father from scolding his wife, which led to the father's anger, his imprecation against him, and his departure from the house?

There is no doubt about the importance of the status of parents and the greatness of their rights, and the parents' concern for the well-being of their children. It would have been better to avoid interfering in the matter of sleeping in front of those present. If you wish to address your father, it should be in private with gentleness and leniency. The form of words you used does not constitute disobedience if it was not accompanied by ill manners, raising one's voice, or showing annoyance. Your act of apologizing and kissing your father is good, and you should strive to gain his satisfaction through prayer and seeking help from good people. We also note that while sleeping after Fajr prayer is not forbidden, it is better to avoid it unless there is a need for it.