Is it permissible to read novels that mention events involving drinking alcohol or illicit relationships, if presented superficially to serve the plot and not to promote them? Are such novels considered forbidden? And when is a novel considered forbidden?

Merely mentioning wine or amorous poetry during reading does not necessitate prohibition, unless it leads to temptation, harm, or an invitation to indecency. The consideration lies in the manner of mention and its effect on the reader. The poetry of the Arabs contained such matters, and some of it was recited before the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, if it had a valid purpose. This applies to literature books and other stories. Although this clarifies the original ruling, reading the stories of the prophets, the righteous, the Quran, and books of Islamic knowledge is better. There is no harm in entertaining oneself with suitable stories after one has taken their share of seriousness and truth.