Is a congregational prayer considered to have been caught if one joins during the last tashahhud? Is the recitation of Al-Fatiha obligatory in congregation if one is unable to do so? Should a worshiper join the congregation upon the iqama or upon the imam's bowing?

To catch the congregational prayer, one must catch a rak'ah with the Imam, based on the hadith: "Whoever catches a rak'ah of the prayer has caught the prayer." Reciting Al-Fatiha is a pillar, but the Imam's recitation suffices for the latecomer who joined the Imam while he was bowing. If the Imam rushes in a way that violates the pillar of طمأنينة (tranquility/composure), then his prayer is not valid. One must hasten to prayer immediately upon the call (adhan), and delay is a sign of weak faith. A true believer is keen to attend prayer at its appointed time in congregation. It is not permissible to perform a supererogatory prayer when the obligatory prayer is being established.