Is it permissible for a disbeliever to be in authority over a Muslim in governance or work?

A distinction must be made between public positions where it is permissible to employ a non-Muslim if no Muslim is available, and positions that involve guardianship (wilayah) over Muslims. For the latter, Islam is a unanimous condition, based on the Almighty's saying: "O you who have believed, do not take the disbelievers as allies instead of the believers." And His saying: "O you who have believed, obey Allah and obey the Messenger and those in authority among you." So, those in authority are from among the believers, not the disbelievers. General guardianship is the authority to compel others and relates to matters of religion, worldly affairs, self, and wealth, for the purpose of achieving benefits and warding off harms.